Unit1How can we become good leaners?

单元重点： 1a

do sth by doing sth

1c

主题句型：

How doyou study for a test?

I study by working with a group.

2a

1.what about 与how about:

What about listening to tapes?

What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?(考拼写)

Whatabout =How about

about介词后面的①动词要加ing ②人称代词要用宾格

2. aloud loud loundly 的辨析

aloud adv. 出声地用于read think,没有比较级最高级。

Eg. What about reading aloud to practicepronunciation?

loud adv. adj. 响亮、大声，用于speak shout talk,常用于口语，多用于比较级。Please speak louder.

loudly 喧闹嘈杂不悦耳，多用于ring、 knock：

They argued loudly in the next room.

2b

1. I’v learnd a lot that way.

(1) a lot of=lot’s of修饰名词(复数)，表示许多。

a little 修饰不可数名词，一点儿，很少(肯定)

There is a little water in the glass.

(2).a lot很，非常。作状语修饰动词或比较级，多用在肯定句中：Thanks a lot. I feel a lot/much better now.我感觉好多了。

a little 也可跟a lot 一样用：

Memorizing the words of pop songs also help alittle.

2.I think it helps.我认为它有帮助。

3. It’s too hard to undersand spoken English.

知识点：too…to太怎样以至于不能。

考点：句型转换：too…to…与so…that…

Spoken Englsh is so hard that I can’t understandit

It’ too hard to undersand spoken English.

类似的在某些情况下还可以相互转换的句型有：

have trouble doingsth.

have a difficult time doingsth.

It’s …(difficult) for sb. todo sth.

not enough to dosth.

Eg. I have trouble understandingspoken English.

I have adifficult time understanding spoken English.

It’s difficult for me tounderstand spoken English.

My daughter is five years old.She is not enough to go to primary school.

My daughter so yongthat she can’t go to primary school.

The boy ran so fastthat I couldn’t catch him.

The boy ran toofast to catch him.

He was so angrythat he couldn’t say a word.

总结：so…that…后面的从句用否定句

2d

1. I have to finish reading a book and give a reportnext Monday.

(1).have to 从客观上讲不得不做某事。

(2).must从主观上讲不得不做某事。

must的用法拓展

(一)、(1)肯定：必须，应该：

I must finish my homework before five o’clock.

Must I finish the homework before eight o’clock?

Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. No, you don’thave to.

考点总结：以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用……must;

否定回答用……needn’t或……don’t have to.

(2)、否定：mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。

You mustn’t talk with others in class.

(二)，must作情态动词表推测： It must belong to Carla.

(1)、表肯定的推测：There must be some mistakes.

The baby can't be ill. He is so active

The book must be Tom’s. His name is on it.

(2)、表否推测定用can’t:

Who is talking in the next room?

It can’t be Tom, He has gone to Shanghai.

2.I have to finish reading a book and give areport.

finish +v.ing finish 后面的动词加ing. finish的单三式加es

类似的动词还有：practice enjoy mind keep go stop remember forget like prefer suggest against(反对)

联想拓展：跟不定式to 的有：

like to do want to do get used to do be used to do

learn to do expect to do refuse to do pretend to do, promise to do, be able to do begin to do need to

3.I have tofinish reading a book and give a report.

短语：give a report.作报告 give a speech 作演讲

4. Just readquickly to get the main ideas at first.

短语：(1)atfirst 起初，开始，暗示后来又变化。

(2)For the first time (有生以来第一次，一段时间以来第一次)

I have been here for nine month, for thefirst time, I missed my parents so much.

(3)first of all,首先，就顺序而言。to start/beginwith(首先)

At first, I didn’t like English, butnow I do.

5. Don’t read word by word.

word byword 逐字逐句地 oneby one 一个接一个地

6.短语：be patient 要有耐心

It takes time这需要时间

3a

1. Why didWeiFen find it difficult to learn English?

find it difficult to do sth.发现做某事很困难。

2.The secret to language learning语言学习的秘诀

3. How Ilearnd to learn English学习怎样学英语

learnto do sth.学习做某事。

4. The teacher spoken so quickly that I did notunderstand her most of the time.

(1)mostof the time绝大多数时候

(2)sothat 与 too to 之间的转换：

The teacher spoken too quickly to understand hermost of the time.

5. I was afraid to ask questions because ofmy poor pronunciation.

(1)be afraid to dosth害怕去做某事(因害怕而不敢做某事)

I was afraid to speak in class.

(2)be afraid of sth.害怕某事物。

Were you afraid of the dark when you werea child?

I’m afraid of the snakes.

(3)be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事(事情本身有危险)

The boy is afraid of falling into theriver.

Jim is afraid of going to bed in the dark.吉姆害怕摸黑上床睡觉。

6.because与because of

because连词，其后跟一个完整的句子。

becauseof复合介词，其后跟代词、名词、动词+ing。

He didn’t cometo school yesterday because he was ill.

He didn’t cometo school yesterday because of his illness.

7. I fell inlove with this exciting and funny movie!

fallin love with 爱上

fall的联想拓展：waterfall瀑布，falls 瀑布，陨石。

fall落下，摔倒 fell(过去式) fallen(过去分词) 常考

fall into落入陷入 fall asleep入睡

8.be/ fall asleep, sleep， go/getto sleep, go to bed的辨析

这组词都与“睡”有关，但侧重点有所不同。

(1).sleep 强调“睡觉”这一动作，是延续性动词，可与表示时间的状语连用。如：He slept foreight hours.他睡了八个小时。 Why couldn`tthe man downstairs sleep? 楼下那个人为什么睡不着?

(2). be asleep表示“睡着”的状态，是系表结构，其中asleep不能用very修饰，只能用sound, fast等词修饰。

如：The baby is fast asleep.孩子睡得很香。

The little girl is sound asleep.这个小女孩睡得很熟。

(3). fall asleep 意指“睡着”，表示一个动作的过程，侧重于“自然而然地入睡、不想入睡而入睡”的含义。如：

He was justfalling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.

他刚睡着，就有人使劲敲门。

I don’t know whenI fell asleep last night.我不知道昨晚什么时候睡着的。

(4). go to sleep 指“入睡、进入梦乡”这个动作，即begin to sleep。如:He was so tired that he went to sleep soon.他很累，不久就睡着了。I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我正想合上眼，尽快地睡上一觉。

(5).get to sleep意为“睡着、入眠”，强调进入睡眠状态，且多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：I was waiting for the sound of the other shoe! I can`t get to sleep. 我在等另一只鞋的落地声!我睡不着。

(6).go to bed 意为“就寝、上床睡觉”，着重指上床准备睡觉的动作，无“睡着”之意。一般说来，是go to bed在前，然后才go/ get to sleep或fall asleep。如： He usually goes to bed at ten o`clockand goes to sleep/ falls asleep five minutes later.他通常十点钟就寝，五分钟后入睡。 One man keep healthy if he goes to bed early and gets up early. 如果一个人早睡早起，他就能保持身体健康。

9.Their bodylanguage and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning.

help的用法

(1)help sb. (to)do sth.

Can youhelp me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗?

(2)with the help of 在……帮助下

With the help of her, he found his lostchild.

在她的帮助下，他找到了失踪的小孩

(3)help sb. with sth. Please helpme with my French.

(4)help oneself ( to )自用(食物等)。

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。

(5)help形容词helpful有帮助的

9. I look them upin a dictionary

look up 查阅动+副短语，代词作宾语放中间。

I often look upnew words in a dictionary.

4c

短语：take notes记笔记 keep a diary记日记

Unit1 How can we become good learners?

SectionB

1a

1. 发音pronounce 动词v. 与 pronunciation名词n.

总结:双o变单o，名词少一o，注意拼写

I can`t pronounce some of the words.

I was afraid to ask questions because of my poorpronunciation.

2. spoken English 英语口语

3.increase和improve:

I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.

How can I improve my pronunciation?

increase的意思是“增加”，侧重指的是数据方面的增加

improve的意思是“提升，提高，进步”，属于比较小的，比如说学习进步了.

develop“发展”，一般指的是比较重大的，像历史、科技发展之类的

4.特殊疑问词加不定式句型跟宾语从句之间的转换：

(1)I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.

I don’t know how I should increase my readingspeed.

(2)She didn't know which blouse to buy.

= She didn't know which blouse she should buy.

(3)I'm thinking about what to say.

= I'm thinking about what I should say. 我在考虑说什么。

(4) I could not decide which dictionary to buy.

= I could not decide which dictionary I shouldbuy.

5.短语：make mistakes=make a mistake犯错

In grammar在语法方面

1b.

1.活跃的动词不定式to 用法之一：表示动作的目的

(1)I don’t know enough words to write well.

(2)He can join an English language club topractice speaking

(3)He should find a pen pal to practice writing.

(4)I don’t have a partner to practice Englishwith.

1c

1.课文原句：

He can’t get thepronunciation right.

He doesn’t get much writingpractice.

get 的用法小结：

(1)获得，得到，收到，买：

Where did you get the book?

He gets first prize in the listening contest.(比赛)

I got a new coat in that store last week.

I got a letter from Tom this morning.

我收到来自汤姆的信(受到某人的信还可用hear from)

(2)作为连系动词，后接形容词，表示“变成、变得”

The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

(3)作使役动词：使、、、让、、、

get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事:

I got him to clean the blackboard.

Don't get your hands dirty.

get sth. done: I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.

=I'll get my hair cut tomorrow.

We had the machine repaired. =We got the machinerepaired.

(4)get sth. for sb.替某人买、拿东西。

He went to the office and got some chalk(粉笔) for his teacher.

(5)get+adj.变得、、、形成、、、状态。

It is getting darker and darker.

(6)与get相关的常见词组：

get out出去 get back回来，取回来 get to到达

get on (a bus/train)上车 get up起床 get (well) on with sb.跟某人相处(得好) get into

2.常见的几个提建议的句型：

(1). What about… How about…

What aboutreading aloud to practice pronunciation?

(2). why don’t you…动原 = why not…动原

Why don’t you listen to English songs on the radioand repeat the difficult words?

(3). can should may

He can joinan English language club to practice speaking?

He should find a pen pal to practice writing.

May I take thisbook home to read?

肯定用Yes, please.

否定用No, you mustn’t./ No, you can’t或No, you’d better not.

(4)Shall I(we)… Will you…

Shall I open the window and close the door?

Shall we go swimming this afternoon?

Will you tell me where the nearest bookshop is?

(5). Let’s

Let’s go and find something interesting to do.

(6). Would you please…动原 Could you please…动原

Could you please go hiking with me ?

(7)You’d better+动原 最好……

否定: You’d better not+动原最好不要…… You’d=You had…

You’d better not go out at night.

(8) “Don’t +动词原形

Don’t be late next time, please.

1c 1d 中的短语:

talk to sb. talk with sb. at home

2b

1.be born with 天生具有。

Everyone is born with the ability to learn.

2.depends on取决于：

But whether or not you can do this well depends onyour learning habits.但是你是否能做好这件事取决于你的学习习惯。

All depends on the weather.

3.in common共同的，共有的。

Research shows that successful learners have somegood habits in common.收索，找遍许多例子我们会发现成功的学习者通常都有共同的好的学习习惯。

I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。

He had very little in common with his sister.

他和姐姐几乎没有什么共同语言。

We happened to discover we had a friend in common.

我们凑巧发现我们有一个共同的朋友。

4.be interesting in对、、、感兴趣。

5.be easy for sb.to do sth.对于某人来说做某事容易。

be difficult for sb.to do sth. pay attention to 注意，留意。

课文原句：Studies show that if you are interested insomething, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to payattention to it for along time.如果你对学习活动中的一些事情感兴趣的话，那么你的大脑就会更积极活跃并且对你来说长时间保持注意力也很容易。

pay attention to (to是介词，接动词+ing))注意，留意：

I hope you will pay attention to this problem.

You must pay attention to your teacher in theclass.

They paidattention to watching the scene. 他们注意到了观察现场

6.connect···with··· 把···和···联系起来。

课文原句：Good learners often connect what they need tolearn with something interesting.好的学习者通常会把他们要学习的东西跟一些有趣的东西联系起来。

7.get bored变得厌烦。

be good at 擅长→→ do well in 在某方面做得好。他们之间可以做同义句转换。

think of 与 think about

think of想起：What good learning habits can you think of?

think about思考、考虑：Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need topractice more.

8.课文原句：Practice makes perfect.

知识点：make的用法小结：

(1) 做;制作;制造: Can you make any mooncakes?

(2)使，迫使，令：

①主动句：make sb. do sth. :

I don't like milk, but she made me drink it.

Don't make the baby cry anymore. 不要再让那个孩子哭了。

Sad movies make me cry. (来自Unit11单元题目)

②被动句：sb. be made to do sth. :

Practice makes perfect.

在主动语态中其后要跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中，to不能省去。如：

She was madeto wait for over an hour. 她被迫等了一个多钟头。

◆英语中，类似于make这种用法的动词还有let,have, hear, see, watch, notice, feel等。如：

I saw him put the key into the keyhole, turn itand open the door. 我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔，转动钥匙，然后打开了门。

She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。

③make 作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语：

The awful picture s make Amy uncomfortable. (选自Unit11 Section B 1b)

The loud museic makes Amy nevous.

关于make 的短语：

make a mistake 犯错误 makea telephone call 打电话

make friends with 与……交朋友

make a decision to dosth决定做某事。decide to do sth.

make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生;维持生活

make money 赚钱 make one's bed 铺床;收拾床铺

make one's way to 往……走 make sure 确信;务必;弄清楚

9课文原句：

Good learners will keep practicing what they havelearned.

Keep用法小结： (1)用作及物动词：

(a).意为保存、保留、保持、留下：

Could you keep these letters for me, please?

I'll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。

It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat fora long time in hot summer.

在炎热的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜

Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗?

He kept all money in the bank.

(b).履行(诺言)遵守(法律规则)

Everybody must keep the law

(c).意为"照顾、养活、赡养、饲养"等。如

She kept her sister for a week while her sisterwas ill.

I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。

The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs, andcats.

(d).经营，管理：

He kept a hotel in this city.

(e).借：borrow是不可持续动词，当要表达借某东西多久时，

就用keep:

How long can I keep this book? 这本书我可借多长时间?

You can keep it for two weeks. 你可以借两周

(f). 意为"记(日记、帐等)"。如：

she keeps a diary every day.她坚持每天记日记

(g).意为"使……保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)"。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如：

We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词)

我们应保持教室整洁干净。

The other students in the class keep their eyesclosed.

(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛

keep…away from… 使什么远离什么。

You'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)

The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)

坏天气使我们不能出门。

keep sb. doing sth.

Don't keep me waiting for long.(现在分词)别让我等太久。

(2).用作联系动词，构成系表结构：keep+表语，意为"保持，继续(处于某种状态)"

You must look after yourself and keep healthy. (形容词)你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康 (keephealthy=keep in health)

She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静

(3).含keep的其它常用句型：

(a).keep(on)doing sth. 意为"继续干某事":

He kept working all day, because he wanted tofinish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。

(b).keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事：

The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。

10.not enough to do sth. :课文原句：It is not enough to just study hard.仅仅只靠努力是不够的。

look for 寻找

look after 照看照顾 take care of 照看照顾

take after(有血缘关系)的人之间外貌性格相像(遗传像)

look like广泛的人，物，事之间相像。(看上去像)

be similar to一般都是在相近似的物品和情境的对比上

11.try to do sth. 和 try doing sth.的辨析：

try to do sth.努力做某事Try to be here on time

try one’s best to do sth.

You must try your best to finish your test.

try doing sth.尝试做某事I tried knocking at the door, but nobody answered. 我试着敲了敲后门，但没人回答。

Self Check

练习题一。

1.be stressed out 有压力的 have a test考试

课文原句：Are you stressed out each time you have a rest?

When you are stressed out, you should listen tomusic.

I've been stressed out about my oral exam.

我觉得口语考试压力大

2.rember to do sth.记得去做某事。

rember doing sth.记得做过某事。

课文原句：Rember to take notesin class.

类似的短语还有：

(1)stop to do 与 stop doing

stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事。

(结果还在做)

stop doing sth 停止做某事。(最后结果：没有做事了)

stop doing sth.是停止做某事指停止做原来的事情

e.g. Hearing the doorbell,she stopped washingthedishes.

听见门铃声，她停止洗碗了。

stop to do是停下(手头的事情)去做另外一件事

e.g. Hearing the dollbell, she stopped to open thedor.

听见门铃声，她停下手中的活去开门。

(2)forget to do 与 forgetdoing

forget to do 忘记去做某事。(未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is stil on. Heforgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgotturning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

3. bit by bit 一点点地;渐渐地

He saved money bit by bit until he have enough tobuy a car.

他一点儿一点儿攒钱直到够买一辆汽车。

4.at once立刻，马上

同意短语：rightaway in a minute

5.worry about与be worried about

beworried about表示一个状态;而worry about 表示一个动作

(1)worry about 担忧，担心。

You don't have to worry about me. I'm a goodswimmer.

你不用担心我。我水性很好

(2) Don't be worried about tomorrow's test,youwill pass it.

不要担心明天的测试，你会通过的。

He is worried about his son .他为儿子担心。

He is worrying about his son .他正担心他的儿子。

He worries about his son. 他为儿子担心。

练习题二，

What’s the matter?= What’s the trouble?

同义句转换：What’swrong with you?

总结：matter，trouble前有the，而wrong前面没有the

以上内容来自学霸笔记。